If you have ever taken a DNA test while you’re pregnant, then you must know that they screen for certain genetic disorders. The most common are Trisomy 13, 18 and 21. These are three genetic conditions that have a tremendous impact on individuals and their families. Though each condition has its own set of characteristics, they all stem from an extra copy of one of the chromosomes in the body’s cells. This article will take a closer look at these three conditions.
Understanding Trisomy 13,18 And 21
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 13, also called Patau syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of chromosome 13 instead of the usual two. The extra chromosome results in the abnormal development of many parts of the body.
Most babies with trisomy 13 are born with severe birth defects and might perish within a few days or weeks. Those who survive to adulthood often suffer from developmental issues, seizures, and serious heart defects.
Trisomy 18
Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects about 1 in every 6,000 newborns. The disorder is characterised by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18 in some or all of the body's cells. This extra chromosome results in the overgrowth of certain parts of the body and the underdevelopment of others.
Most babies with trisomy 18 are born with serious health problems and do not live past their first year. Those who do survive often have lifelong disabilities, such as heart defects, mental development issues, and kidney problems.
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a chromosomal condition that is caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. This extra chromosome results in the development of physical and intellectual characteristics that are unique to Down syndrome.
People with Down syndrome have an increased risk for certain medical conditions, such as heart defects, hearing loss, thyroid problems, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, with early intervention and appropriate medical care, many people with Down syndrome lead happy and healthy lives.
Looking for a DNA test near you? Reach out to us at the Forensic Genetics Laboratory. We are one of the biggest private DNA diagnostic centres in the GTA. Contact us today to learn more.
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