The major role of an AC motor is to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. Generally, an electric motor is composed of six primary parts, including a stator, rotor, commutator, bearings, insulation material, and casing. Below, we are going to discuss each of these parts and their functions in powering the motor.
The Stator: this refers to the stationary parts of the motor, which contain windings or a permanent magnet. It varies depending on the type of motor it is used. In the case of an AC motor, the stator contains the armature while in the case of a DC motor, it contains the field winding. Also, the stator core in DC motors does not need to be laminated which is needed in the case of AC core.
Rotor: the major function of the rotor is to deliver mechanical energy to the shaft. It refers to the set of winding and magnetic core that is made of laminated silica steel. In the case of a squirrel cage induction motor, the rotor is replaced utilizing a cage-like structure while in the PMAC motor, it is replaced by permanent magnets.
Commutator: this one is used to reverse the repulsive force between the rotor and stator poles and is found in all types of motors that need direct current supply for their rotor. There are spring-loaded carbon brushes that sit over it where voltage is applied.
Bearing and shaft assembly: it is the bearing that provides support to the rotor as well as maintains the air gap and transfers the shaft load to the casing. The motor shaft extends outside the casing which carries the mechanical energy from the rotor to its load.
Insulation materials: this one ensures that motor windings are protected from contamination and short circuits. They are made from various materials such as rubber, paper, varnish, mica, fiber, and resins.
Casing, brushes, and terminals: casing supports the stator and other AC motor parts while protecting them from harsh outside elements. Typically, they are made up of aluminum. The role of carbon brushes is to keep contact with the commutator with the aid of spring while terminals supply operational power to the motor.
Overall, these parts work together to ensure that the electric motor operates as expected through the principle of electromagnetism.
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